Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI): Case definition & guidelines for data collection,analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

This is a Brighton Collaboration case definition of the term “Sensorineural Hearing Loss” to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The case definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for Lassa Fever and other emerging pathogens. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and define levels of diagnostic certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network.     

Role of joint distraction in osteoarthritis of the knee: Basic science,principles and outcomes

The burden of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing worldwide. Advanced tibiofemoral joint OA in young patients is particularly a problem with inferior results seen with total knee arthroplasty in this patient population. Knee joint distraction (KJD) has been evaluated recently as a joint preserving procedure for young patients with advanced tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, to delay the need for a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This will decrease the risk for revision TKA later in life. KJD temporarily unloads the knee joint and keeps the tibia and femur separated over a course of 6 weeks. Outcomes of KJD appear promising. Through this article, the authors hope to share from their collective experience as well as the available literature on the basic science, principles of surgery and outcomes of KJD.     

不同全身麻醉药物在老年患者关节置换术中的麻醉效果分析

目的探讨不同全身麻醉药物在老年患者关节置换术中的麻醉效果。方法选取本院收治的90例行关节置换术的老年患者(>60岁)为研究对象,随机分为A、B组,每组各45例。A组患者采用瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉注射维持麻醉深度,B组患者采用七氟烷和瑞芬太尼静息复合麻醉维持麻醉深度。比较两组患者不同时点的血流动力学、吞咽恢复时间、术后清醒时间、拔管时间、出麻醉恢复室(PACU)时间以及简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果两组患者麻醉前和手术开始时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),术中30分钟和术毕MAP和HR比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者吞咽恢复时间、术后清醒时间、拔管时间和出PACU时间比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者MMSE评分比较差异具有显著性(χ2=9.301,P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚静脉全身麻醉能够更好地维持患者术中的血流动力学稳定,术后苏醒较快,认知功能良好,可以更好地应用于老年患者关节置换术中。     

A Comparison of Liver-Directed Therapy and Systemic Therapy for the Treatment of Liver Metastases in Patients with Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Analysis of the California Cancer Registry

PurposeTo compare the outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases treated with liver-directed therapy (LDT) to those treated with systemic therapy (ST) in a statewide cancer database.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors treated with either LDT or ST alone between the years 2000–2012 in the California Cancer Registry. Overall survival and disease-specific survival were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis and propensity score matching.ResultsA total of 154 patients (ST, n = 87 and LDT, n = 67) were studied. The median overall survival and disease-specific survival for patients that received ST was 29 and 35 months versus 51 and >60 months for patients that received LDT. On multivariate analysis, LDT and the resection of the primary tumor were associated with improved survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.52, P = .002; HR 0.43, P = .001). Non-white race, Medicaid/uninsured status, and the presence of lung metastases were associated with poor survival (HR 1.76, P = .014; HR 2.29, P = .009; and HR 1.79, P = .031). Propensity score matching demonstrated an improvement in disease-specific survival for LDT compared to ST (HR 0.53, P = .036). The improvement in overall survival on propensity score matching did not achieve statistical significance (HR 0.70, P = .199).ConclusionsLDT is associated with improved overall and disease-specific survival as compared to ST in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases. Further investigation is needed to determine whether combination or sequential treatment can improve outcomes in this population.     

后路枕骨髁螺钉技术研究进展

正枕骨、寰椎和枢椎共同构成了枕颈部活动的结构功能单位,即枕颈交界区~([1-2])。炎症、创伤、肿瘤及畸形等因素会导致枕颈交界区失稳,从而引起颈脊髓或神经根的损伤、麻痹及难以忍受的疼痛,甚至危及生命~([3-4])。后路内固定融合技术是治疗枕颈部失稳的重要手段,目前常用术式为枕骨螺钉技术,该技术较钢丝固定技术有更好的生物力学稳定